The signal processing methods and algorithms that make OCT exquisitely sensitive to reflections, as weak as just a few photons, and reveal functional information in addition to structure are examined. Although OCT has been used for imaging inanimate objects, the discussion focuses on biological and medical imaging. In this Primer, the principles underpinning the different instrument configurations that are tailored to distinct imaging applications are described and the origin of signal, based on light scattering and propagation, is explained. OCT can be configured as a conventional microscope, an ophthalmic scanner or endoscopes and small-diameter catheters for accessing internal biological organs. History.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact method for imaging the topological and internal microstructure of samples in three dimensions. Optical coherence tomography – development, principles, applications. Eye-length measurement by interferometry with partially coherent light. Proc SPIE Optical Instrumentation for Biomedical Laser Applications. Computation of diffraction patterns for biological cell models based on Mie theory. Fercher AF, Hitzenberger CK, Drexler W, et al. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Optics in Life Sciences. Inventors of optical coherence tomography win 2017 Fritz J and Dolores H Russ Prize. Adolf Friedrich Fercher: a pioneer of biomedical optics. Langenbucher are based at the Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology, Saarland University, Germany. Sibylle Scholtz, PhD, Lee MacMorris and Achim Langenbucher, PhD E: Dr Scholtz, Ms MacMorris and Prof. This technology has contributed to an advanced understanding of disease mechanisms and treatments, including ‘ in vivo histology’ and intraoperative monitoring in multiple disciplines including ophthalmology, cardiology and cancer. When he first published his scientific results, it was perhaps obvious only to him how fundamentally his research would change ophthalmology. It is clear that Fercher’s pioneering ideas were far ahead of his time. Although he did not continue this work, it demonstrates his early interest in biomedical optics. He showed that the scattered signal oscillates as a function of scattering angle and that the oscillation length is related to particle diameter. 1įercher published his first paper on the biomedical applications of optics while he was still working for Carl Zeiss, 7 applying Mie theory to calculate light scattering in a simplified model cell. In 1975, he became a professor at the University of Essen, Germany from 1986 he was professor of medical physics, later chair of the Department of Medical Physics, at the Medical School of the University of Vienna. 6,8–10 Fercher’s BackgroundĪfter graduating with a degree in physics in 1968, Fercher worked at Carl Zeiss, Germany, on optical testing, computer holography and holographic interferometry. 4,5 Fercher’s visionary ideas laid the basis for the development of OCT and the first in vitro OCT images were published by German and United States researchers in 1991. He presented his results at the International Commission for Optics congress that year. The first two-dimensional picture of the fundus of a human eye in vivo was created by the late Adolf Friedrich Fercher in 1990, using white light interferometry. It was in the 1980s that imaging of biological tissue, especially of the human eye, started to be investigated in parallel by several groups worldwide. In a similar way to ultrasound, OCT measures the ‘time of flight’ distribution of light that is reflected from tissue and is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically using near-infrared light because the relatively long wavelength allows it to penetrate the scattering medium.
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